Sharing the Gospel from a Jewish Perspective: Theology in Action

Tony Caffey: foreign welcome back to theology in action my name is Tony Caffey I'm the pastor of verse by verse Fellowship here in San Antonio Texas and I've got a special guest with me today Dr Arnold Fruchtenbaum is my guest from Ariel Ministry Arnold is the president of Ariel Ministry he's a prolific author writing the Aerial Bible Commentary as well as several books I have Arnold here one of your latest that I was given the feasts and fasts of Israel their historic and prophetic significance so thanks for that

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: you're welcome

Tony Caffey: that's one of the perks of being a pastor is sometimes I get free good content and you've been very generous with me so thank you for that and thanks for being a part of theology in action today I'm very happy to be here well I want to start with this Arnold you have an amazing story of how um you know the Lord got a hold of your life and your heart and I know there are probably some who are watching now or listening to this who have heard that story many who haven't just maybe share with us a little bit about your background and uh growing up and then how the Lord brought you to himself

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: well I'll give you the short version of the story My Father grew up in a very strong it's called Hasidic which is ultra-orthodox community in Poland and uh it was one of 13 children that my his father my grandfather had over the years and so on but then when Hitler invaded Poland he was able to escape into Russia he cut off his side curls and so on he became very non-Jewish looking the Natalie non-Jewish looking and uh because he crossed the border legally he was he was arrested and sent to Siberia and at the trial before they sent them they knew he was Jewish but they accused them of being a Nazi spy and shipped them out to concentration camps there he was there for two years in hot labor but then when the Germans submitted Russia they needed to support the Polish government now exiled in England they requested it and the Polish government in Exile agreed on one condition that they will release all Polish citizens from their prison camps before they got released he stayed in Siberia mother grew up in the the European sector of Russia and then when there was uh it was called the autonomous German Republic in the USSR I

 went to German surveyed it the Russian government didn't think that the Germans inside Russia would be loyal to Russia so they migrate Foster full migration into Siberia and that included the Jewish Community include my mother just turned the age of 18. and so she needed the identification papers that would be required for pictures member and my father became a photographer and so she came to him got a picture taken and I developed and as a result uh born in that situation when the war ended polar citizens in Russia will allowed to go back to Poland so we left Russia and moved back to Poland we lived in Apollo for about a year but thank you a mess of anti-Jewish Riot when a three-year-old Roman Catholic board disappeared and the church hierarchy begins building a rumor they often spelled before all of other Jews to make bread flour Passover we had a lot of a Christian of kidnapping this lad killing him the form of ritual murder and using it to make undoven bread for Passover so rights broke out Jews were killed but that stimulated these the Israeli underground to get Jews out of Poland and word which does to the underground that we had 30 days to make that Crossing so we got able to go across and all the turquoise and the to brought the Polish bodyguards was American cigarettes so that's it so that's it so for cotton or camels get the fire freedom of Jews like to get out so that was when their dick worker came out for a camel and then in the No Man's Land the Israeli underground God is organized we have to work through what was then Czechoslovakia into Austria fell into the American zone of Wells Germany next five years we lived in special camps called displaced persons camps which are mostly Jewish camps and um and we started making immigration status which took five years but uh one thing that happened was that the one of these camps there was a Lutheran representative working for a Jewish Ministry they're known as the American Board of Missions to the Jews now it's chosen people Ministries and um they connected with uh with my parents and when they found out that my parents held a plot of immigration status to USA then they happened to have the October 1947 issue of the Chosen People magazine mother did

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: n't get the whole Marcus and she didn't quite know what this was about she simply thought it was an immigrant Jewish organization that would help Jewish immigrants In America which it was it was a bit more than that found that out was too late in my case

Tony Caffey: did she speak English at all

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: no we spoke at a homeless population polish but I knew no English at all at that stage was very linguistic so she learned it pretty quick when she moved immigration status we moved to Brooklyn the Jewish neighborhood then she went to see this organization not knowing what it is as she spoke Russian polish it is in German for some reason nobody decorate she could speak English yet and nobody down that day could speak any of those four languages gets taken down and we were conveyed to her we'd be contacted sometime later and sometimes later or six years later the follow-up was a bit weak

Tony Caffey: I think six years

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: yeah they opened up a new branch in our neighborhood they invited us to attend which I did and I worked in a very small Meeting Hall was about a fourth of the size of this from here and I was listening and I was hearing things now my father taught me well in scripture but scripture for me was just a Hebrew Bible the Old Testament right I knew nothing about the new and so he um said they began using the Old Testament to talk about this God named Jesus and he wasn't supposed to be in my Bible and I was getting upset one of the workers there could see well this was the rip with chosen people Ministries this was in the this was a Ministry of the Charleston people Ministries was not that name yet but that was the same Ministry so we went there and I went there in particular and I sat down with one person and we went from the Hebrew Bible scriptures to the New Testament fulfillment and um I came back the following week after doing some reading and I was not believing yet but we again we did the same thing no Testament prescription prescriptions are prophecies and the New Testament fulfillment and that that is how I became a Believer and the Messianic Jew

Tony Caffey: how old were you at that time

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: 13

Tony Caffey: 13.

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: so born in Siberia emigrated to initially Poland right and then through West Germany to the United States right Brooklyn some people called The Promise

Tony Caffey: d Land right Brooklyn that's not that's the promised land uh West Promised Land West and then through an Outreach group that's now called Chosen People Ministries they shared the gospel with you

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: exactly that's how I became believer

Tony Caffey: well very cool have you met any other person in your life who's been born in Siberia

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: I don't I've met other people in the course of time yeah because a lot of people have fled there especially Jewish people from Poland but initially most of them went to Israel my folks decided to come to the USA

Tony Caffey: so you started to grow in Christ I guess at age 13 as a Messianic Jew and that led to a pretty prolific academic career you went initially to Dallas Theological is that right

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: I first went to uh Shelton College for three years which was in New Jersey okay and then the last year I went to Cedarville College just now civil University but back then it was now University yet to study Old Testament or a specific discipline about them I made they had a study in in called Hebrew Hellenistics okay so I was interested in those languages so that became my major study and then I graduated out of Cedarville then I went I had the late going to the Seminary about a year because I had a prop had an opportunity to go to a university in Jerusalem hip University yeah so I was when I was assigned to a special 14 month-long program and so I spent my 14 months in Jerusalem dealing with a lot of about classical Hebrew but more so with modern Hebrew it's not always the same and um so it's a great time I've got to meet all my relatives because my meat family came to America the other five branches of the first Nevada family all moved to Israel left over there so they went to Israel you went to Brooklyn and because uh that only Karma language was going to be Hebrew Southern Hebrew very quickly because that's the only language I can communicate with my family with in the land of Israel so that's where we were quite educated then I went to Dallas Seminary and masked and majored in Hebrew Old Testament and then I went to New York University on my PhD and Jewish studies and that was the it and my education the choices were with the intent of being involved full-time in Jewish Ministry so one kind or another yeah I can see

Tony Caffey: God's Providence and that you know you're perfectly equipped for that kind of role and then educationally you have these experiences that would help you as well I'm curious about so DTS would be a place with a lot of Evangelical Christians a lot of Pastors in training like myself but what so that was one experience what was New York University like I imagine the exact opposite although it's technically a presbyterian school and it was mostly Jewish an operation and so I messed I majored in the Jewish studies and for my dissertation I decided to work on the thought that came to me allows at Dallas Seminary when in a class structure of systematics we're covering ecclesiology that actually of the church and they came to me well there's an ecclesiology why is there not in the seminary in isrology especially since it's a dispensational seminary the macd college I went to was covenant theology for three years so I didn't expect them to develop in astrology but I did expect any dispensational school to have it in Dallas didn't have it so I developed that dissertation towards that program a full-scale astrology that's what I focused on and inspire all those Brothers circular school this was such an odd topic for them that they approved it and because they approved it I was able to do my dissertation eventually pass the test and uh got my PhD in Jewish studies

Tony Caffey: were you the only Messianic Jew in that program or were there others

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: in my time but there were other Jewish Believers that went through their program before me and after me but at the time that was there I was the only one

Tony Caffey: well like I said I think you're uniquely equipped in God's Providence for ministering to to Jews but also if I could say this to helping Gentiles understand Jewish culture the Jewish World of the first century and and the Old Testament world as well so I guess I want to steer maybe our conversation towards that direction um and and just ask an open-ended question in terms of what are some things that Gentile Christians you're a Messianic Jew the majority of people at first by verse fellowship and and most Evangelical churches in San Antonio are Gentiles what are some things that Gentile Christians misunderstand about the Jewish people one of th

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: e clear missed our understanding everyone into a lot is they believed that if you're Jewish you know everything is to know about the Old Testament

Tony Caffey: okay

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: which is not which first of all the majority of the Jewish population in America and Israel running about 70 percent the secular they're not Orthodox anymore yeah and even among the Orthodox they focus heavily on the fire book samosas but not as heavily on Isaiah Anna the prophets of the writings and I was witnessing to a Hasidic Rabbi and I asked them to turn to Isaiah 53 and he said he's never really Isaiah 53

Tony Caffey: wow

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: which you would think for aesthetic rap but that's not true it's a lot of John top leaves they assume Jews have a lot more knowledge than they really do about these things another misunderstanding is the Jewish people by by Nature are anti-christian because of their Judaism the problem is not being anti-christian the problem is that in the Jewish Community they don't have these nice distinctives between Catholicism Orthodoxy liberal process and there's some popular believing protestantism and so on even within the Evangelical Camp you have those who teach replacement Theology and those who don't and so a Jewish person doesn't know these distinctions so if it's Christian it could be any one of those and it takes a while for a Jewish person to overcome that so we have to understand that the terminology we use means one thing for us doesn't mean the same thing for the Jewish Community like the term cross yeah unsure a Believer you understand the the symbol of redemption and so on but the Jews have suffered so much Death and persecution by Gentiles waving crosses that it doesn't carry the concept of redemption that carries the cancer of the shedding of Jewish blood so since the 4th Century 95 developed persecutions against the Jews have been done in the name of three C's Christ the church and the cross so we need to substitute those terms where we're trying to introduce a Jewish person to the gospel instead of Christ Messiah instead of a church assembly or congregation or something accuracy of that term use it use a Greek term right yeah and in places of crossy like Paul you uh Peter used as he hung in a tree and just to avoid because the cross means to

 the industrial space and Jews it does have a meaning once we become Believers but didn't have that same meaning before we became believers so on so he's in witnessing and teaching Peter how to witness the Jews we have to so re-educate them in these areas

Tony Caffey: good that's helpful contextualizing I guess you would say for a Jewish audience um and and what about gospel if I use the term gospel in a Jewish context would that just be if you use the Hebrew word for it

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: oh staple work meaning I think like the the actual Greek word means good news

Tony Caffey: sure

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: and the actual agreement I messed up Sarah meaning good news and that's the term if you look at Isaiah chapter 10 and I said chapter 40 in the Hebrew text it brings good news for to Jerusalem in Hebrew he brings Surah to Jerusalem and that's the same Hebrew word for gospel so that would be a better term to introduce a Jewish person for that's good that's helpful building a bridge maybe with a Jewish neighbor or somebody that we work with in order to uh share our faith in a way that's less what were the three C's you mentioned again

Tony Caffey: across Christ in church

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: right yeah the church the cross in Christ which could be a trigger word that's why we should use some of the different terms at least to get things started and as you if you have a honest conversation you'll eventually understand how using the terms but if you just introduce those terms usually the conversation cuts off right there

Tony Caffey: let me ask you a question you're a theologian you're a writer you've thought a lot about the role that the Jewish people have played in the Old Testament World moving into the New Testament World obviously the Messiah was Jewish um so I'm going to ask this question might sound a little odd but uh just throwing it out there because this might be something that a a gentile reader might consider reading through the Bible for the first time does God love Jewish people more than Gentiles

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: I would say not that he loves them more but he has a covenant a relationship with the Jewish people which means I'm the positive if they are faithful to his Torah faithful toward the teachings of the the law and the prophets and so on then they will receive a double blessing the other side according this that if David t

 hey've disobeyed the Torah they disobeyed the prophets then the punishment is also double says not that he loves Jews more than Gentiles that he developed a covenant relationship furthermore often there's a misconception that the Jews were there as a people and then God chose them actually God chose only one man yeah Abraham yeah and that Covenant Abraham Isaac and Jacob and so on so there wasn't a large Jewish group of any kind when that concept of chosen this took place is that government Covenant relationship but the fact the this that he doesn't the effect that he made this love Jews is not accurate there's the only Genesis 12 3 in you shall all the families out there to be blessed and so it's someday the spiritual blessings of the Jewish covenants were extended to the Gentiles and I want to keep the elements of the New Covenant is that fulfills the promise of the abrahamic Covenant to give blessings to the Gentiles only to those Gentiles who believe just as the blessings the Jews came only went for the Jews who believed and so and so that has to be kept in in the mind so it doesn't love Jews more than Gentiles but he feels a covenantal obligation to the Jews that's the only that's the key difference

Tony Caffey: yeah and there is that chosen people's status in the Old Testament uh we do see appreciated what you said about the Covenant and specifically all the nations of the Earth being blessed through Abraham because we see that trajectory moving from Old Testament to to Christ's coming and then you know Matthew 28 now after Resurrection there's a a spreading of the Gospel to the Nations right which is different than the Old Testament world right and we have the imagery of Paul uses of us being grafted in you know uh Gentiles the New Covenant language we've been dealing a lot with here at verse by verse through Hebrews so uh I mean that when you read that and follow that I mean it's it's really quite beautiful the way in which God chose a man chose this particular man to bless a people and beyond that people to bless the peoples of the world that's right very good thanks Arnold let me ask you this um when Gentiles read the Bible I guess you know you look at like uh you know medieval art or you look at Renaissance art e

 ven a lot of times uh the disciples are displayed with like milky white skin and you know blue eyes and they look they look European you know versus Jewish and um so there's maybe that misconception sometimes that artists had as they try to to picture or conceive of Jesus the disciples others even the Old Testament world what are some things that Gentiles do Christians how do they at times misread uh or misunderstand the Bible that I mean let's face it most the Bible is written by Jewish people

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: so I think well the misunderstanding is often the promises made in the Covenants that uh did not necessarily apply to the church yet they claim Jewish

Tony Caffey: so a replacement idea you mentioned that earlier

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: yeah for example God promised Israel if you're obedient if you follow the Torah the law if you follow the prophets you will be blessed and you are and you will not suffer persecution can the church claim that promise this answers no in second Timothy 3 and 4 he says the exact opposite if you live a Godly life you will suffer persecution yeah you can claim that promise because that's made for the body of the Messiah but that's not the promised made to Israel Israel has suffered a lot of persecution concerned because they have been disobedient but the church the more becomes obedient the more we can because conflict in the in the minds of the unbelievers then they react by Prosecuting believers

Tony Caffey: yeah that is a paradigm shift it's similar to the way in which the in the Old Testament World um the Gentiles would come in to Jerusalem it was an insular reality whereas that transitioned after the resurrection to an outgo you know go and make disciples of all Nations so that was a paradigm shift but you're talking about as well the persecution that comes for Christians sometimes we as Christians Gentile Christians let's just state it that way you know we're getting persecuted and we're like what gives you know the Bible says that if I'm faithful then I'll be blessed but that's uh that's different in the New Testament world

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: that's right that's clarifying thank you for that well for most uh most Gentiles simply uh often use the term Christian now recognized in the negative term that have been used and the term Christian is actually foun

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: d only three times the whole new testament it's not used by Believers of themselves but of of critics of the Believers uh using the term christianos and so on the most common name for believers the saints

Tony Caffey: Saints good term so why don't we use it because of how the Catholic churches misuse that and so there's followers of the way as well and acts right

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: the Believers brothers sisters

Tony Caffey: exactly

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: yeah Jews we don't we tend not to call ourselves Christians we know the history of that term we prefer to call ourselves so I'm a Jewish believer and um and that may be called the Jewish Christian but the history of that term in Jewish history that isn't is not positive for me but I believe I think is more positive let me go back to something you said earlier about sharing our faith and some of the ways you mentioned the three C's so that was helpful as we're evangelizing um when Gentile Christians share their faith with the Jewish person what are some other things that they should avoid talking about some ways they can contextualize the gospel or let me frame it this way what what's some jargon maybe that Christian should avoid about the Jewish purple or pure Spirit must say well Christians just hate the Jews again using the term the way it's been fulfilled for church history not necessarily in actual reality of how things developed in the course of time and so the problem here the Gentile Believers should have again is trying to avoid those terms and upping up we can't say well Martin Luther changed that well it didn't it became very anti-semitic and didn't have someone he preached three days before he died all synagogue should be buried all time it should be destroyed all that business he was helpful in understanding salvations by grace through faith but he never shared his anti-semitic frame of reference either and that's a problem for us so we have to make these uh if the Jewish people raised that question we have to respond to it we have to answer it in summary well it wasn't the Holocaust a Christian issue Holocaust actually was more in the of an atheistic issue Hitler was not a was part of the Catholic church with Natalie it's not practicing Catholic and so on but uh but we have to we do have to respond to these things

 these things but never never forget to go back to a realistic issue is not what has happened and God will take care of those who fostered the Holocaust and so on and in my case I can report I lost sovereignty members of my family in the Holocaust so I can understand where they're coming from that then what they have to deal with it was the Bible actually teach and just because people kill Jews in Jesus name you cannot blame Jesus on what the people do in his name like the person who assassinated the prime minister of Israel he was he was a Jew and but for the name of Judaism he used that Judaism to plot to kill the the prime minister of Israel well he may have done it in his name but Judaism does not Foster killing a Jewish prime minister just because you disagree with him politically same principal ahiram just because people used the name of Christ or Jesus to persecute and kill Jews keep just remember you cannot blame the name they use for doing it Jesus did not promote Christianity to go and kill the Jews or do these other things to Jews and so on so you got to look at the New Testament and read it and you'll see what it says by itself rather than what you often hear about other people saying about this and you try to be God try to do your best to bring them to the text

Tony Caffey: is that the number one objection that comes up as you you know share your faith the issue you mentioned the Holocaust which that's I appreciated the way that you dealt with that as um a serious topic and understandably there were people that killed in Jesus's name which Jesus would never have condoned you mentioned Martin Luther has that come up from time to time

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: but the more educated Jews it does come up less educated it's all one bag it's not Protestants Catholics Greek Orthodoxy so it's all one bag of tricks

Tony Caffey: anything else that would be you know an objection that and maybe a way that we can but even sympathize with with a Jewish person is we're trying to sheriff it and they give some objections

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: there is the the real objection and the given objection

Tony Caffey: what's the real objection

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: a real objection uh the real objection is that um Jews have been killed in Jesus name for centuries since the fourth century and then Christianity is more of a problem

 with anti-Semitism than Muslims of ahead and so on but the uh just the given objection the real objection is they've been taught if you believe in Jesus you will cease to be a Jew and modules don't want to stop being Jewish and but then they won't necessarily point that out to them they they fall on history but you have to also understand uh you have to answer the question they may not ever bring up that no you want cease to be Jewish if you're sure if Jesus was his actual name and he was the Messiah it is very Jewish to believe on him so the issue is not um what people did in his name the issue is that's seen that was he or was he not reclaimed to be and for that you have to start reading the text so the given reason is prosecution the real reason is the fear of losing Jewish identity and you have to convince that person that no matter what he believes and you fall back the rabbis all agreeing that Juve becomes a an atheist he's still a Jew if it becomes a Christian it used to be a Jew there's no logic there and because Christianity has been the real Force against Judaism is why this comes up so you have to answer not just the given reason yourself to give the the gun-given reason cease to be Jewish and a Jew has to really come over that before you'll actually believe in the massage ship of Yeshua

Tony Caffey: yeah and there would be in some ways just to be honest for a Jewish person who you know put their faith in and Messiah Jesus um there probably would create conflict in their family relationships in their Community it would definitely

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: I was kicked out of home when I finished high school because of my beliefs and there's going to be conflict that's just something you have to pay the price for but if you can convince them he never ceases to be a Jew no matter what yeah and he doesn't have to have a Christmas tree you can continue with Hanukkah and so on but uh some Gentiles don't even like Christmas trees

Tony Caffey: yes I know I've met them and so I've been my boyfriend never had a Christmas tree but the one thing we never objected is not the Believers to have a Christmas tree which it's just not an issue for us and so on but that's the way it goes but if it can kind of Jewish person back to that text then you've come a long way

 yeah the Messiah is Jewish the biblical writers are Jewish the initial launching of the church and the gathered people uh in the book of Acts are Jewish predominantly Jewish until it started to spread to Samaritans and throughout the world so um yeah I uh and and I I appreciate that context too because it helps me in the first century World seeing all of that transpire in Jerusalem and uh you know in other places link back to the Old Testament as well the connections because there was a there's connective tissue behind the temple sacrifices for instance and the covenants and there's a reason that these disciples were looking for messiah and even though maybe they had some misconceptions about what Messiah would do when he came the first time they thought he was gonna you know kick the Romans out and bring the kingdom um in that time and and Jesus's plan was more Isaiah 53 than it was Isaiah 66. that comes later

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: well common Jewish objection is I love Jesus says the Messiah what happened to Will peace

Tony Caffey: yep

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: yeah so remind them the rabbis in the early days and so that compact now to the first century of first century had a hard time reconciling Messianic passages with the Messiah suffers and dies or against the Messiah that comes to rule and reign service came up with a distinctive theology into there'd be two different Messiahs the first exercise the Messiah son of Joseph Hill fulfilled prophecies like Isaiah 53 because up until the mid Middle Ages Isaiah 53 was those who just being Messianic not Yeshua not Jesus but Messianic and but the first Messiah will fulfill those prophecies and he'll die in the gag and Magog War and then the second Messiah will come the son of David the son of David he'll win the worm raise the first Messiah back to life and bring in the mercy and the kingdom so the big explanation of adults kind of uh contradicting passages is to mystery people is coming one time but then which is almost right which is almost right by the New Testament it's one Messiah coming two times and the first one um has fulfilled the suffering prophecies right I'll come back the second time to fulfill the future prophecies

Tony Caffey: Amen to that amen Maranatha one quick question for you curiosity of mine so someday we'll be i

 n the New Jerusalem forever in the Eternal state uh Arnold are we going to speak Hebrew in the New Jerusalem

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: but going back to the Genesis account Jewish history begins not in chapter one it begins in chapter 12 with Abraham but all their names in the first 10 chapters are Hebrew names but there are no hip to but there are no Jews yet like a proto-hebrew right and all of the workplace only makes sense in Hebrew even God's personal name is Yahweh it has no meaning in English as the meaning in Hebrew and then we have two angelic names Mikhail Michael Gabrielle Gabriel those are Hebrew names and they only have meaning in Hebrew even Satan is a Hebrew name yeah adversary in seven and all the workplace he took and he called them Adam because he came out of the Adama as the word plate that's the only ground in Hebrew right he called her name Isha because um because she was a woman and so on and they named this name Noah because he will give Comfort to his people in English Noah can Comfort have no relationship but it's it's a word play he called them because he will give Noah to his people and so on Saul does work plays only makes sense in Hebrew that so I would say the language before Babel who had been Hebrew because that's what church Joseph in the Hebrew text has since we're returning to our one language in the Kingdom I would say Hebrew would be the common language

Tony Caffey: so you do think we'll speak Hebrew

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: oh yeah

Tony Caffey: so here's my theory okay I think we'll speak English and here's why Arnold it's because the Americans can't learn a second language

Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum: that's true so well obviously maybe you're right maybe we'll supernaturally be able to finally speak another language if you speak bilingual you have to learn you know two languages you're traveling wiltry languages if you if you're in English only you're an American one language yes it does it for us thank you Arnold for being here today and answering these questions and giving us some insight on how to uh how to minister and and uh share our faith with with Jewish people so that's been my pleasure thank you well this concludes this episode of theology in action thanks for joining us and thanks to Dr Arnold Brooktonbaum for joining us stay tuned for more episodes like this for t

 heology in action and if you'd like to live stream our services and tune in on Sunday mornings and Wednesday evenings you can do that at vbvf.org see you next time