3 John | Christian hospitality, leadership, and support

The Book of 3 John is the shortest book in the New Testament by word count, yet it carries significant weight in its message about Christian hospitality, leadership, and support for those laboring in the truth. Written by the Apostle John—referred to as “the elder” in the text—this letter offers personal encouragement and correction within the context of early church life. It was likely written between A.D. 85–95, during a time of expanding Christian mission efforts and increasing tension over how church leadership and authority were being handled.

Unlike 1 and 2 John, which are addressed to broader audiences, 3 John is a personal letter addressed to an individual named Gaius. The letter provides insight into the relational and organizational dynamics of the early church, focusing on hospitality, truth, and the proper handling of authority.

Introduction and Greeting (Verses 1–4)

John opens the letter by identifying himself as “the elder” and addressing Gaius, whom he calls “beloved.” This affectionate tone runs throughout the letter. John praises Gaius for his commitment to the truth and his faithful Christian walk, stating, “I have no greater joy than to hear that my children are walking in the truth” (3 John 1:4).

The phrase “walking in the truth” echoes John’s frequent emphasis (seen throughout his other writings) on the importance of living out one’s faith in consistent, obedient, and loving ways. Gaius is portrayed as a model believer, someone who not only holds correct beliefs but demonstrates them through his actions.

Encouragement of Hospitality and Support (Verses 5–8)

The central commendation in the letter is Gaius’s hospitality toward traveling Christian missionaries or teachers. John commends him for welcoming these strangers, even though he may not have known them personally, and for helping them “in a manner worthy of God.” These missionaries had gone out “for the sake of the Name” (a reference to Jesus), and they had accepted no support from non-believers.

This passage underscores the importance of Christian hospitality and the need to support those who dedicate their lives to gospel ministry. John encourages Gaius—and by extension, all believers—to be fellow workers in the truth by supporting such individuals. It’s a reminder that even behind-the-scenes generosity plays a vital role in God’s work.

Warning Against Diotrephes (Verses 9–10)

After affirming Gaius, John shifts to a troubling issue involving a man named Diotrephes. John had previously written a letter (possibly a now-lost letter to the church), but Diotrephes, who “loves to be first,” refused to accept it or to welcome the traveling missionaries John had sent.

Diotrephes is portrayed as a prideful and domineering church leader who not only rejects John’s authority but also slanders him and prevents others from showing hospitality—going so far as to expel those who do. John indicates that he will address Diotrephes’ behavior directly if he visits the church.

This section reveals early church struggles with authority, pride, and power. Diotrephes represents a kind of leadership that prioritizes personal control and influence over truth and love. His example serves as a warning against abusing spiritual authority and disrupting Christian fellowship.

Commendation of Demetrius (Verse 12)

In contrast to Diotrephes, John commends another believer named Demetrius. He is described as having a good testimony from everyone, being faithful to the truth, and being endorsed by John and others. While the text doesn’t specify Demetrius’s role, it’s possible he was one of the traveling missionaries or the bearer of the letter itself.

This commendation further illustrates what faithful Christian character looks like—living according to the truth, gaining the respect of others, and being trustworthy in ministry.

Conclusion (Verses 13–15)

John closes the letter by saying he has much more to say but prefers to do so in person, expressing a desire for face-to-face fellowship: “I hope to see you soon, and we will talk face to face.” He ends with a blessing of peace and greetings from mutual friends, continuing the theme of close-knit Christian community.

Themes and Legacy

Despite its brevity, 3 John touches on several important themes:

• Hospitality and generosity: Supporting those who labor in gospel work is essential to the church’s mission.
• Faithfulness to the truth: Right belief must be accompanied by right behavior.
• Spiritual authority and leadership: True Christian leadership is marked by humility and service, not control or self-promotion.
• Community and fellowship: Face-to-face relationships and mutual encouragement are vital for a healthy church.

3 John remains a valuable guide for Christian conduct, especially in how believers should treat one another, handle disagreements, and support those working for the gospel. It’s a timeless reminder that every member of the church, through love and truth, plays a vital role in the mission of Christ.